Timber, chosen and used correctly, can bring strength and beauty to your outdoor spaces. If you love timber decking and pergolas but are not sure which wood is best suited to outdoor conditions, then we can help.

Outdoor timber combines an attractive natural aesthetic with a tough durability that makes it perfect for so many outdoor applications. But whether you are planning to build a deck, a pergola, a retaining wall or steps, or looking at installing some new outdoor furniture – consider which types of wood are best for the job before you head out to buy timber at your local retailer.

It’s essential to remember that types of timber in outdoor areas must be able to resist the elements. The two main enemies of timber are sunlight – both the UV light itself and the heat that comes with it – and water, which can cause unprotected timber to rot.

The two main types of timber used in outdoor applications are natural hardwoods and softwoods. Softwoods (usually pine) must be treated to resist decay through sunlight, water rot and insects and other wood-destroying organisms. Once treated, many softwoods become more durable than natural, untreated hardwoods.

Treated softwood is the most popular and cost-effective outdoor timber used in Australia. It is lighter and easier to use than many of the more solid hardwoods, which makes it perfect for constructing outdoor furniture. Softwoods can be used for decking and pergolas too, although some professionals prefer to use hardwoods on the surface, exposed to the elements, and softwoods underneath for structure and support

Because of the chemicals involved in treating softwoods, care must be taken not to breathe in sawdust when working with treated softwoods. You should never buy timber that has been treated for use as firewood or animal litter; all such timber should also be disposed of in an approved landfill.

Popular hardwoods are Australian timber like jarrah, mahogany, ironbark, spotted gum and bluegum, and imported timbers such as merbau, bartu and red balau. Hardwoods are usually kiln dried to enhance their durable qualities. They are generally more expensive than softwoods, but bring a lovely natural feel to your outdoor spaces, as well as strength and reliability.

Hardwoods are perfect for many outdoor timber uses: decking, pergolas, boardwalks, fence posts, steps, retaining walls, garden beds and general outdoor building. Most hardwoods benefit from further treatment to ensure they resist the elements – stains, oils and paints all strengthen the wood, as well as improving the look of the timber.

Sustainability is always an issue when using timber. If employing a designer, ensure that they source their timber from reputable dealers who can guarantee that the timber is from plantations, rather than old-growth forests. If you are buying the timber yourself, don’t be afraid to ask where your chosen type of timber comes from and whether it’s sustainable.

With this knowledge and the right advice, you can ensure you buy the right type of timber and use it in the correct way to make your outdoor spaces functional, attractive and ecologically friendly.